Moreover, foss are highly reliable and secure with no risk offire or spark. Introduction afiber bragg grating fbg is a periodic perturbation of the refractive index along the. This fourth edition of fiber optic sensors is revised and updated to include the new. Jul 08, 2011 learn the fundamentals of fiber bragg grating fbg optical sensing technology through a stepbystep visual guide of how fbg optical sensors work. Optical fiber sensors, an important application of the optical fiber, have experienced fast development, and attracted wide attentions in basic science as well as in practical applications. Fundamentals of optical fiber sensors begins with basic physical principles, progresses to sensing mechanisms, and moves on to take an indepth look at applications. The field of optical fiber sensors has advanced substantially in the last decade. In this webcast we focus on optical fiber sensing technology. The core is a cylindrical rod of dielectric material and is generally made of glass. This central section, made of silica or doped silica, is the light transmitting region of the fiber. In this way, the subject continues to mature and reach into new areas of engineering. While many applications are for point sensors, the most rapid expansion has been for distributed fiber optic sensing systems, which will be the focus of the presentation.
Fiber optic sensors can be classified under three categories. Chapter 2 fundamentals of optical fibers pages 1075. Aug 10, 2012 this book describes the latest development in optical fiber devices, and their applications to sensor technology. Fiber optic and laser sensors v download ebook pdf, epub. Prime focus will be on optical fiber, which is the key enabling component for optical fiber sensing. Optical methods are some of the oldest and best established techniques for sensing chemical analytes, and have formed the basis for many chemical sensors. Chapter 3 fiber sensitivities and fiber devices pages 76182. Fiber bragg grating technology fundamentals and overview.
Fiber optic sensors are widely used in industry and in medical applications. Godinez, in corrosion control in the aerospace industry, 2009. The principle of operation of a fiber sensor is that the sensing element modulates some parameter of the optical system intensity, wavelength, polarization, phase, etc. This book is based on lectures presented at an annual short course entitled fiber optic communication systems at the university of california at santa barbara. The historical beginnings of photosensitivity and fiber bragg grating fbg technology are recounted. A fiber optic sensor system consists of a fiber optic cable connected to a remote sensor or amplifier. Fundamentals of optical fiber sensors ebok fang zujie. In this way, the subject continues to mature and reach into new areas of. Fiberoptic sensors offer a number of unique features which make them attractive for a variety of applications. Fundamentals of optical fiber sensor technology the field of optical fiber sensors continues to expand and develop, being increasingly influenced by new applications of the technologies that have been the topics of research for some years. Fundamentals of optical fiber sensors zujie fang, ken k. The sensor emits, receives, and converts the light energy into an electrical signal. Optical and optical fiber sensors are used for ambient monitoring of humidity and temperature, as well as for monitoring atmospheric gases so 2, no 2, o 2 h 2, ch 4, nh 3 diamond, et al.
Learn the fundamentals of fiber bragg grating fbg optical sensing technology through a stepbystep visual guide of how fbg optical sensors work. The chapter summarizes the fundamentals of light propagation in fiber and integrated optics and explains the basic working principles of optical sensors making use of these waveguides. Macdougall, alexis mendez this fourth edition of fiber optic sensors is revised and updated to include the new sensing technologies emerging in broad commercial use, with a focus on. Introduction to fiber optic sensors and their types with applications in the year 1960, laser light was invented and after the invention of lasers, researchers had shown interest to study the applications of optical fiber communication systems for sensing, data communications, and many other applications. Optical fibers are also attractive for applications in sensing, control and instrumentation. Optical fibers in metrology, telecommunications, sensors, manufacturing, and health science have gained massive research interest. For example, a fiberoptic sensor can be immune to electromagnetic interference, is nonelectrical, is compatible with fiber telemetry, can be very sensitive as well as being small in size and weight, and may be used in the development of sensor arrays. Linear polarizations state is characterized by an oscillation of the electric field vector which runs on a straight line. The first term of the bracket is the physical extension of the fiber and the second is the variation of the effective index. Fiber optic sensing technology has evolved over 60 years of development and commercialization. Another notable feature offibre optic sensors is their low volume and weight and hence they are very much convenient to use. Chapter 4 fiber gratings and related devices pages 183277. It covers the current progress and latest breakthroughs in emergent.
Fundamentals of optical fiber sensors wiley online books. Macdougall, alexis mendez this fourth edition of fiber optic sensors is revised and updated to include the new sensing technologies emerging in broad commercial use, with a focus on scatteringbased distributed sensing systems. This fourth edition of fiber optic sensors is revised and updated to include the new sensing technologies emerging in broad commercial use, with a focus on scatteringbased distributed sensing systems. This book is based on lectures presented at an annual. Fundamental concepts will be presented first, followed by the underlying principles and techniques of sensing. Pdf fiber bragg grating technology fundamentals and. Chapter 5 distributed optical fiber sensors pages 278350. Fundamentals and applications in telecommunications and sensing, authorandreas othonos and kyriacos kalli and glenn eric kohnke, year1999. Should the wave travel in the zdirection, the straight line drawn by belongs to the xoy plane. The components od e x and e y have a phase difference of ifd m is nil or an even whole number, the components are said to be in phase. In its simplest form, an optical fiber sensor is composed of a light source, an optical fiber, a sensing element, and a detector see fig.
The basic structure of an optical fiber sensor system is. Basically, optical fiber sensors consist of an optical source coupled to an optical fiber transmission line that directs the radiation to a sensor head, as shown in figure 17. Fundamentals of optical fiber communications 2nd edition. Introduction to fiber optic sensors and their types. Handbook of optical sensors optical waveguide sensors. Chapter 6 fiber sensors with special applications pages 3594. Optical fiber sensors can be incorporated into structures to provide health monitoring, providing strain, temperature, acoustic emission, and ultrasonic wave information indicating when crack and corrosion occur and where. The fiber sensor can be either an intrinsic oneif the modulation takes place directly in the fiberor extrinsic, if the modulation is performed by some external transducer as depicted in fig. The many applications of fiber grating technology are tabulated, and some selected applications are briefly described.
The principle of operation of a fiber sensor is that the modulates some transducer parameter of the optical system intensity, wavelength, polarization, phase, etc. Also called optical fiber sensors, the devices contain a sensing element with a fiber optic cable. These optical fibre based sensors offer electrical insulation and can be used for detection of high voltage and currenti417. Introduction physical fundamentals of optical fiber transmission light is used in optoelectronics and optical fiber telecommunication for data transmission, in optical fiber interferometers, optical fiber lasers, sensors and optical fiber modulators.
Fundamentals of optical fiber sensors by zujie fang. Basic components of an optical fiber sensor system. Basic components of a fiberoptical sensor system 25. This document pdf may be used for research, teaching and private study purposes. Sagnac effect, reciprocity, all fiber components, integrated optics, signal processing principles, and recent trends like multiaxis gyro with source sharing or multiplexing, and erbiumdoped fiber source. The development of inexpensive, high quality optical fibers for the communications industry has provided the essential component for the implementation of optical fiber sensors.
They are used in diverse applications, including temperature, pressure, vibrations, displacements, rotations, and chemical detection. This book describes the latest development in optical fiber devices, and their applications to sensor technology. It provides fundamentals as well as some examples to aid understanding of both the working principles of fiber optic sensors and their possible applications. Lefevre, fundamentals of the interferometric fiberoptic gyroscope, in optical fiber sensors, optical society of america, 1996, paper tu3s1. The reflective type, which is a single unit, is available in 3 types. This ocw supplemental resource provides material from outside the official mit curriculum. The 3 are based on the shape of the crosssection of the optical fiber. Optical fiber sensing technology american journal of remote. When the light propagates through optical fiber, co denotes the incident angle at the corecladding interface, cl is the refraction angle, n 1 n co and n 2 n cl, where n co is the core refraction index and n cl is the cladding refraction index fig. The number of applications is increasing at a fast pace. Optical fiber sensors ofs appeared just after the invention of the practical optical fiber by corning glass works in 1970, now corning incorporated, that produced the first fiber with losses below 20 dbkm.
Sep 24, 2015 fiber optic sensing technology has evolved over 60 years of development and commercialization. Fundamentals of optical fiber communication, second edition is a sevenchapter tutorial text that considers fiber optic technology as applied to communications systems. Illustration of the total internal reflection in optical fiber. Fiberoptic chemical sensors and fiberoptic biosensors. Fiber optic sensor fos systems use the ability of optical fibers of to guide the light in the spectral range from ultraviolet uv 180 nm up to middle infrared ir 10 m and modulation of guided light by the parameters of the surrounding environment of the.
The basic structure of an optical fiber is shown in figure 1. Prime focus will be on optical fiber, which is the. Optical fiber sensors, an important application of the optical fiber, have experienced fast development, and attracted wide attentions in basic science as. Some first sections are devoted to the explanation of how light propagates through the basic elements of the sensor setup. Sagnac effect, reciprocity, allfiber components, integrated optics, signal processing principles, and recent trends like multiaxis gyro with source sharing or multiplexing, and erbiumdoped fiber source. The basic techniques for fiber grating fabrication, their characteristics, and the fundamental properties of fiber gratings are described.
This book aims to present a collection of recent advances in fiber optics, addressing both fundamental and industrial applications. The light is then returned after being modified in some way by the sensor interaction via the optical. Fiber optic sensors are classified based on location, operation principle and applications to three. Fiber bragg grating technology fundamentals and overview kenneth o. The thrubeam type comprises a transmitter and a receiver. Emphasizing the structure and optical characteristics of optical fiber sensors, it employs clear figures and fundamental formulas to explain their mechanisms. In addition, a chapter was added to describe biophotonic sensing systems and their applications. An optical fiber is made of 3 concentric layers see figure 3. The optical fiber sensors are divided into two categories. A fiberoptic sensor system consists of a fiberoptic cable connected to a remote sensor or amplifier. Fiber optic sensor an overview sciencedirect topics. Fundamentals of optical fibre communication download. Fiber optic sensors fundamentals and applications, fourth edition, 2014 available at. The fiber sensor can be either an intrinsic oneif the modulation takes place directly in the fiber or extrinsic, if the modulation is performed by some external transducer as depicted in fig.
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